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Saint Sava
Saint Sava ((セルビア語:Свети Сава/Sveti Sava), , 1174 – 14 January 1236), known as the Illuminator, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law, and a diplomat. Sava, born ''Rastko'', was the youngest son of Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja (founder of the Nemanjić dynasty), and ruled the appanage of Hum briefly in 1190–92. He then left for Mount Athos where he received the monastic name ''Sava'' (''Sabbas'') and restored, together with his father, the monastery of Hilandar, which marked a beginning of cultural prospering. In 1219 he was recognized as the first Serbian Archbishop by the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and in the same year he authored the oldest known constitution of Serbia, ''Zakonopravilo'', thus securing full independence; both religious and political. Sava heavily influenced Serbian medieval literature.
He is widely considered as one of the most important figures of Serbian history, and is canonized and venerated by the Serbian Orthodox Church, as its founder, on . His life has been interpreted in many artistic works from the Middle Ages to modern times. He is the patron saint of Serbian schools and schoolchildren. The Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade is dedicated to him, built where the Ottomans burnt his remains in 1594–95 following an uprising in which the Serbs used icons of Sava as their war flags; the church is one of the largest church buildings in the world.
==Early life==
Rastislav "Rastko" Nemanjić (Растко Немањић, ) was born in 1169 or 1174, in Gradina (modern Podgorica, Montenegro). He was the youngest son of ''Grand Prince'' Stefan Nemanja and Anastasija, and was thus part of the first generation of the Nemanjić dynasty; his brothers were Vukan and Stefan. The brothers received a good education at the Serbian court, in the Byzantine tradition, which Serbia was under great political, cultural and religious influence. Rastko showed himself serious and ascetic; as the youngest son, he was made Prince of Hum at an early age, in ca. 1190. Hum was a province between Neretva and Dubrovnik. Teodosije the Hilandarian said that Rastko, as a ruler, was "mild and gentle, kind to everyone, loving the poor as few others, and very respecting of the monastic life". He was uninterested in fame or wealth, and the throne. The governing of Hum was previously held by his uncle Miroslav of Hum, who continued to hold at least the Lim region with Bijelo Polje while Rastko held Hum. After two years, in autumn 1192 or shortly afterwards, Rastko left Hum for Mount Athos. Miroslav may have continued as ruler of Hum when Rastko had left. Athonite monks were frequent visitors to the Serbian court – lectures perhaps made him determined to leave.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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